Table B-5. Environmental Levels of Dioxins in Sediments (ppt)
Chemical |
Number samples |
Number positive samples |
Concentration range |
Conc. mean |
Wt. basis |
Location |
Location description |
Sample year |
Ref. no. |
Commentsa |
Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (MW=321.98) |
||||||||||
2,3,7,8-TCDD |
18 |
0 |
ND |
NA |
Dry |
South Central Finland |
Various |
88/89 |
1 |
A,B |
9 |
8 |
ND-730 |
236 |
Dry |
Newark, NJ |
Industrial |
85/86 |
2 |
0-2", A,C |
|
4 |
4 |
75-2500 |
1769 |
Dry |
Newark, NJ |
Industrial |
85/86 |
2 |
2-4", A,C |
|
2 |
2 |
190-1200 |
695 |
Dry |
Newark, NJ |
Industrial |
85/86 |
2 |
4-8", A,C |
|
1 |
1 |
680 |
680 |
Dry |
Newark, NJ |
Industrial |
85/86 |
2 |
12-16", A,C |
|
1 |
1 |
150 |
150 |
Dry |
Newark, NJ |
Industrial |
85/86 |
2 |
20-24", A,C |
|
2 |
2 |
660-1100 |
880 |
Dry |
Newark, NJ |
Industrial |
85/86 |
2 |
24-28", A,C |
|
3 |
1 |
ND-7600 |
367 |
Dry |
Newark, NJ |
Industrial |
85/86 |
2 |
28-32", A,C |
|
3 |
3 |
390-2900 |
1227 |
Dry |
Newark, NJ |
Industrial |
85/86 |
2 |
32-36", A,C |
|
1 |
1 |
93 |
93 |
Dry |
Newark, NJ |
Industrial |
85/86 |
2 |
40-44", A,C |
|
2 |
1 |
ND-7600 |
3800 |
Dry |
Newark, NJ |
Industrial |
85/86 |
2 |
48-52", A,C |
|
1 |
1 |
21,000 |
21000 |
Dry |
Newark, NJ |
Industrial |
85/86 |
2 |
108-111", A,C |
|
1 |
0 |
ND |
NA |
Dry |
Long Island Sound |
Reference Site |
NR |
4 |
A |
|
12 |
6 |
ND-57 |
13 |
Dry |
New England |
Industrial |
NR |
4 |
A/3 sites |
|
4 |
0 |
ND |
NA |
Dry |
Seattle, WA |
Industrial |
NR |
4 |
A |
|
4 |
0 |
ND |
NA |
NR |
Central Minnesota |
Rural |
NR |
5 |
A |
|
2 |
2 |
1.0-1.4 |
1.2 |
Dry |
Baltic Sea |
Reference Site |
NR |
13 |
A |
|
3 |
2 |
ND-2.4 |
1.5 |
NR |
Stockholm Sweden |
Various |
NR |
12 |
A |
|
4 |
4 |
1.9-26 |
9.6 |
Dry |
Iggesund Sweden |
Industrial |
NR |
13 |
A/papermill |
|
4 |
1 |
ND-3 |
1.19 |
NR |
Dala River, Sweden |
Industrial |
88 |
17 |
0-1 cm |
|
2,3,7,8-TCDD (continued) |
6 |
6 |
1.2-32 |
12.0 |
NR |
Lake Vattern, Sweden |
Industrial |
88 |
17 |
0-1 cm |
5 |
3 |
ND-110 |
28.1 |
NR |
Lake Vanern, Sweden |
Industrial |
88 |
17 |
0-1 cm |
|
4 |
4 |
0.03-0.11 |
0.06 |
Dry |
Fjord between Denmark, Sweden, and Norway |
Industrial |
87 |
14 |
0-1 cm, E |
|
1 |
1 |
0.04 |
0.04 |
Dry |
Fjord between Denmark, Sweden, and Norway |
Industrial |
87 |
14 |
4-6 cm, E |
|
1 |
1 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
Dry |
Fjord between Demark, Sweden, and Norway |
Industrial |
87 |
14 |
9-13 cm, E |
|
5 |
5 |
3.4-1,500 |
375 |
NR |
Hamburg Germany |
Urban |
NR |
15 |
||
TCDDs |
18 |
14 |
ND-1,400 |
372 |
Dry |
South Central Finland |
Various |
88/89 |
1 |
AB |
1 |
1 |
26 |
26 |
Dry |
Siskiwit Lake, Isle Royale, Lake Michigan |
Pristine |
NR |
3 |
0-0.5 cm, A,D |
|
1 |
1 |
12 |
12 |
Dry |
Siskiwit Lake, Isle Royale, Lake Michigan |
Pristine |
NR |
3 |
5-6 cm, A,D |
|
1 |
0 |
ND |
NA |
Dry |
Siskiwit Lake, Isle Royale, Lake Michigan |
Pristine |
NR |
3 |
8-9 cm, A,D |
|
4 |
0 |
ND |
NA |
NR |
Central Minnesota |
Rural |
NR |
5 |
A/4 sites |
|
25 |
0 |
ND |
NA |
NR |
Ontario Canada |
Industrial |
88 |
8 |
A/25 sites |
|
12 |
7 |
ND-44 |
17 |
NR |
NY/Mass |
NR |
NR |
10 |
A |
|
3 |
3 |
21-69 |
38 |
NR |
Stockholm Sweden |
Various |
NR |
12 |
A |
|
4 |
4 |
21-66 |
45 |
Dry |
Iggesund Sweden |
Industrial |
NR |
13 |
A/paper mill |
|
2 |
2 |
19-35 |
27 |
Dry |
Baltic Sea |
Reference Site |
NR |
13 |
A |
|
4 |
4 |
1.4-6.7 |
4.2 |
Dry |
Fjord between Denmark, Sweden, and Norway |
Industrial |
87 |
14 |
0-2 cm, E |
|
TCDDs (continued) |
1 |
1 |
13 |
13 |
Dry |
Fjord between Denmark, Sweden, and Norway |
Industrial |
87 |
14 |
4-6 cm, E |
1 |
1 |
5.0 |
5.0 |
Dry |
Fjord between Denmark, Sweden, and Norway |
Industrial |
87 |
14 |
9-13 cm, E |
|
5 |
5 |
80-1,700 |
564 |
NR |
Hamburg Germany |
Urban |
NR |
15 |
||
Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (MW=356.42) |
||||||||||
1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD |
4 |
3 |
ND-25 |
7.68 |
NR |
Dala River, Sweden |
Industrial |
88 |
17 |
0-1 cm |
6 |
6 |
7.4-95 |
44.1 |
NR |
Lake Vattern, Sweden |
Industrial |
88 |
17 |
0-1 cm |
|
5 |
4 |
ND-100 |
49.6 |
NR |
Lake Vanern, Sweden |
Industrial |
88 |
17 |
0-1 cm |
|
PeCDDs |
1 |
1 |
12 |
12 |
Dry |
Siskiwit Lake, Isle Royale, Lake Michigan |
Pristine |
NR |
3 |
0-0.5 cm, A,D |
1 |
1 |
11 |
11 |
Dry |
Siskiwit Lake, Isle Royale, Lake Michigan |
Pristine |
NR |
3 |
5-6 cm, A,D |
|
1 |
0 |
ND |
NA |
Dry |
Siskiwit Lake, Isle Royale, Lake Michigan |
Pristine |
NR |
3 |
8-9 cm, A,D |
|
4 |
0 |
ND |
NA |
NR |
Central Minnesota |
Rural |
NR |
5 |
A/4 sites |
|
25 |
0 |
ND |
NA |
NR |
Ontario Canada |
Industrial |
88 |
8 |
A/25 sites |
|
12 |
7 |
ND-235 |
50 |
NR |
NY/Mass |
NR |
NR |
10 |
A |
|
3 |
3 |
86-230 |
138 |
NR |
Stockholm Sweden |
Various |
NR |
12 |
A |
|
4 |
4 |
52-500 |
209 |
Dry |
Iggesund Sweden |
Industrial |
NR |
13 |
A/paper mill |
|
2 |
2 |
52-100 |
76 |
Dry |
Baltic Sea |
Reference Site |
NR |
13 |
A |
|
4 |
4 |
1.7-41 |
19 |
Dry |
Fjord between Denmark, Sweden, and Norway |
Industrial |
87 |
14 |
0-2 cm, E |
|
PeCDDs (continued) |
1 |
1 |
6.6 |
6.6 |
Dry |
Fjord between Denmark, Sweden, and Norway |
Industrial |
87 |
14 |
4-6 cm, E |
1 |
1 |
15 |
15 |
Dry |
Fjord between Denmark, Sweden, and Norway |
Industrial |
87 |
14 |
9-13 cm, E |
|
5 |
5 |
260-2,700 |
1,112 |
NR |
Hamburg Germany |
Urban |
NR |
15 |
||
Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (MW=390.87) |
||||||||||
1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD |
4 |
3 |
ND-19 |
6.68 |
NR |
Dala River, Sweden |
Industrial |
88 |
17 |
0-1 cm |
6 |
6 |
6.1-33 |
20.5 |
NR |
Lake Vattern, Sweden |
Industrial |
88 |
17 |
0-1 cm |
|
5 |
5 |
14-94 |
36.0 |
NR |
Lake Vanern, Sweden |
Industrial |
88 |
17 |
0-1 cm |
|
1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD |
4 |
4 |
4.9-120 |
36.4 |
NR |
Dala River, Sweden |
Industrial |
88 |
17 |
0-1 cm |
6 |
6 |
21-450 |
188 |
NR |
Lake Vattern, Sweden |
Industrial |
88 |
17 |
0-1 cm |
|
5 |
5 |
36-600 |
236 |
NR |
Lake Vanern, Sweden |
Industrial |
88 |
17 |
0-1 cm |
|
1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD |
4 |
4 |
3.9-51 |
18.1 |
NR |
Dala River, Sweden |
Industrial |
88 |
17 |
0-1 cm |
6 |
6 |
18-200 |
95.5 |
NR |
Lake Vattern, Sweden |
Industrial |
88 |
17 |
0-1 cm |
|
5 |
5 |
18-330 |
149 |
NR |
Lake Vanern, Sweden |
Industrial |
88 |
17 |
0-1 cm |
|
HxCDDs |
1 |
1 |
10 |
10 |
Dry |
Siskiwit Lake, Isle Royale, Lake Michigan |
Pristine |
NR |
3 |
0-0.5 cm, A,D |
1 |
1 |
8 |
8 |
Dry |
Siskiwit Lake, Isle Royale, Lake Michigan |
Pristine |
NR |
3 |
5-6 cm, A,D |
|
1 |
0 |
ND |
NA |
Dry |
Siskiwit Lake, Isle Royale, Lake Michigan |
Pristine |
NR |
3 |
8-9 cm, A,D |
|
4 |
2 |
ND-14 |
5.2 |
NR |
Central Minnesota |
Rural |
NR |
5 |
A/4 sites |
|
25 |
6 |
ND-5,700 |
1,157 |
NR |
Ontario Canada |
Industrial |
88 |
8 |
A/25 sites |
|
HxCDDs (continued) |
12 |
10 |
ND-1,335 |
399 |
NR |
NY/Mass |
NR |
NR |
10 |
A |
3 |
3 |
16-49 |
28 |
NR |
Stockholm Sweden |
Various |
NR |
12 |
A |
|
2 |
2 |
120-170 |
145 |
Dry |
Baltic Sea |
Reference Site |
NR |
13 |
A |
|
4 |
4 |
130-1,900 |
608 |
Dry |
Iggesund Sweden |
Industrial |
NR |
13 |
A/paper mill |
|
4 |
4 |
2.3-27.0 |
14 |
Dry |
Fjord between Denmark, Sweden, and Norway |
Industrial |
87 |
14 |
0-2 cm, E |
|
1 |
1 |
16 |
16 |
Dry |
Fjord between Denmark, Sweden, and Norway |
Industrial |
87 |
14 |
4-6 cm, E |
|
1 |
1 |
14 |
14 |
Dry |
Fjord between Denmark, Sweden, and Norway |
Industrial |
87 |
14 |
9-13 cm, E |
|
5 |
5 |
580-7,500 |
2,744 |
NR |
Hamburg Germany |
Urban |
NR |
15 |
||
Heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (MW=425.31) |
||||||||||
HpCDDs |
4 |
4 |
7.3-110 |
71 |
NR |
Central Minnesota |
Rural |
NR |
5 |
A/4 sites |
25 |
20 |
ND-320,000 |
51,680 |
NR |
Ontario Canada |
Industrial |
88 |
8 |
A/25 sites |
|
12 |
11 |
ND-18,950 |
4,168 |
NR |
NY/Mass |
NR |
NR |
10 |
A |
|
3 |
3 |
880-5,700 |
2,233 |
NR |
Stockholm Sweden |
Various |
NR |
12 |
A |
|
2 |
2 |
79-210 |
145 |
Dry |
Baltic Sea |
Reference Site |
NR |
13 |
A |
|
4 |
4 |
90-340 |
190 |
Dry |
Iggesund Sweden |
Industrial |
NR |
13 |
A/paper mill |
|
4 |
4 |
2.2-19 |
12.4 |
Dry |
Fjord between Denmark, Sweden, and Norway |
Industrial |
87 |
14 |
0-2 cm, E |
|
1 |
1 |
7.2 |
7.2 |
Dry |
Fjord between Denmark, Sweden, and Norway |
Industrial |
87 |
14 |
4-6 cm, E |
|
HpCDDs (continued) |
1 |
1 |
7.1 |
7.1 |
Dry |
Fjord between Denmark, Sweden, and Norway |
Industrial |
87 |
14 |
9-13 cm, E |
5 |
5 |
1,300-8,600 |
4,040 |
NR |
Hamburg Germany |
Urban |
NR |
15 |
||
Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (MW=460.76) |
||||||||||
1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-OCDD |
18 |
3 |
ND-42 |
6.1 |
Dry |
South Central Finland |
Various |
88/89 |
1 |
A,B |
9 |
9 |
3,100-14,000 |
8,100 |
Dry |
Newark, NJ |
Industrial |
85/86 |
2 |
0-2", A,C |
|
4 |
4 |
5,300-23,000 |
14,100 |
Dry |
Newark, NJ |
Industrial |
85/86 |
2 |
2-4", A,C |
|
2 |
2 |
10,000-31,000 |
20,500 |
Dry |
Newark, NJ |
Industrial |
85/86 |
2 |
4-8", A,C |
|
1 |
1 |
7,500 |
7,500 |
Dry |
Newark, NJ |
Industrial |
85/86 |
2 |
12-16", A,C |
|
1 |
1 |
5,900 |
5,900 |
Dry |
Newark, NJ |
Industrial |
85/86 |
2 |
20-24", A,C |
|
2 |
2 |
11,000-19,000 |
15,000 |
Dry |
Newark, NJ |
Industrial |
85/86 |
2 |
24-28", A,C |
|
2 |
2 |
5,500-22,000 |
13,800 |
Dry |
Newark, NJ |
Industrial |
85/86 |
2 |
28-32", A,C |
|
3 |
3 |
5,600-42,000 |
17,800 |
Dry |
Newark, NJ |
Industrial |
85/86 |
2 |
32-36", A,C |
|
1 |
1 |
5,500 |
5,500 |
Dry |
Newark, NJ |
Industrial |
85/86 |
2 |
40-44", A,C |
|
2 |
2 |
4,400-24,000 |
14,200 |
Dry |
Newark, NJ |
Industrial |
85/86 |
2 |
48-52", A,C |
|
1 |
1 |
38,000 |
38,000 |
Dry |
Newark, NJ |
Industrial |
85/86 |
2 |
108-111", A,C |
|
1 |
1 |
560 |
560 |
Dry |
Siskiwit Lake, Isle Royale, Lake Superior |
Pristine |
NR |
3 |
0-0.5 cm, A,D |
|
1 |
1 |
390 |
390 |
Dry |
Siskiwit Lake, Isle Royale, Lake Superior |
Pristine |
NR |
3 |
5-6 cm, A,D |
|
1 |
1 |
54 |
54 |
Dry |
Siskiwit Lake, Isle Royale, Lake Superior |
Pristine |
NR |
3 |
8-9 cm, A,D |
|
1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-OCDD |
4 |
4 |
450-600 |
518 |
NR |
Central Minnesota |
Rural |
NR |
5 |
A/4 sites |
(continued) |
25 |
20 |
ND-980,000 |
141,420 |
NR |
Ontario Canada |
Industrial |
88 |
8 |
A/25 sites |
12 |
12 |
1,990-15,500 |
8,201 |
NR |
NY/Mass |
NR |
NR |
10 |
A |
|
7 |
7 |
12-250 |
145 |
Dry |
Jackfish Bay, Lake Superior |
Various |
NR |
11 |
Papermill, atmospheric contamination |
|
3 |
3 |
260-3,100 |
1,290 |
NR |
Stockholm Sweden |
Various |
NR |
12 |
A |
|
2 |
2 |
89-250 |
170 |
Dry |
Baltic Sea |
Reference Site |
NR |
13 |
A |
|
4 |
4 |
96-330 |
194 |
Dry |
Iggesund Sweden |
Industrial |
NR |
13 |
A/paper mill |
|
4 |
4 |
180-16,830 |
5195 |
NR |
Dala River, Sweden |
Industrial |
88 |
17 |
0-1 cm |
|
6 |
6 |
800-2200 |
1775 |
NR |
Lake Vattern, Sweden |
Industrial |
88 |
17 |
0-1 cm |
|
5 |
5 |
1320-6090 |
3040 |
NR |
Lake Vanern, Sweden |
Industrial |
88 |
17 |
0-1 cm |
|
4 |
4 |
3.6-45 |
24 |
Dry |
Fjord between Denmark, Sweden, and Norway |
Industrial |
87 |
14 |
0-2 cm, E |
|
1 |
1 |
10 |
10 |
Dry |
Fjord between Denmark, Sweden, and Norway |
Industrial |
87 |
14 |
4-6 cm, E |
|
1 |
1 |
6.9 |
6.9 |
Dry |
Fjord between Denmark, Sweden, and Norway |
Industrial |
87 |
14 |
9-13 cm, E |
|
5 |
5 |
2,800-15,000 |
7,560 |
NR |
Hamburg Germany |
Urban |
NR |
15 |
||
Key: A LOD (Ref 1) = 20 to 50 ppt, LOD (Ref 2) = 22 to 60 ppt, LOD (Ref 3) = 0.4 ppt, LOD (Ref 4) = 0.7 to 12.0 ppt, LOD (Ref 5) = 0.61 to 4.1 ppt, LOD (Ref 8) = 10 to 500 ppt, LOD (Ref 10) = 3 ppt, LOD (Ref 12) = 1 to 20 ppt, LOD (Ref 13) = 1 to 6.6 ppt.a
B Dry surface sediments from 18 lakes.
C Industry produced 2,4,5-Trichlorophenate (2,4,5-T precursor).
D No anthropogenic inputs into drainage basin--only atmospheric sources into lake.
E Mg-Production Facility.
Notes
NR = Not Reported
NA = Not Applicable
ND = Not Detected
ppt = Parts per trillion
Sources:
1. Koistinen et al. (1990) 9. Huckins et al. (1988)
2. Bopp et al. (1991) 10. Petty et al. (1982)
3. Czuczwa et al. (1984) 11. Sherman et al. (1990)
4. Norwood et al. (1989) 12. Rappe and Kjeller (1987)
5. Reed et al. (1990) 13. Rappe et al. (1989a)
6. Sonzongi et al. (1991) 14. Oehme et al. (1989)
7. Oliver and Nilmi (1988) 15. Gotz and Schumacher (1990)
8. McKee et al. (1990) 16. Smith et al. (1990)
17. Kjeller et al. (1990)