Table B-5. Environmental Levels of Dioxins in Sediments (ppt)

Chemical

 

Number samples

Number positive samples

Concentration

range

Conc. mean

Wt. basis

Location

 

Location description

Sample year

Ref. no.

Commentsa

Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (MW=321.98)

2,3,7,8-TCDD

18

0

ND

NA

Dry

South Central Finland

Various

88/89

1

A,B

 

9

8

ND-730

236

Dry

Newark, NJ

Industrial

85/86

2

0-2", A,C

 

4

4

75-2500

1769

Dry

Newark, NJ

Industrial

85/86

2

2-4", A,C

 

2

2

190-1200

695

Dry

Newark, NJ

Industrial

85/86

2

4-8", A,C

 

1

1

680

680

Dry

Newark, NJ

Industrial

85/86

2

12-16", A,C

 

1

1

150

150

Dry

Newark, NJ

Industrial

85/86

2

20-24", A,C

 

2

2

660-1100

880

Dry

Newark, NJ

Industrial

85/86

2

24-28", A,C

 

3

1

ND-7600

367

Dry

Newark, NJ

Industrial

85/86

2

28-32", A,C

 

3

3

390-2900

1227

Dry

Newark, NJ

Industrial

85/86

2

32-36", A,C

 

1

1

93

93

Dry

Newark, NJ

Industrial

85/86

2

40-44", A,C

 

2

1

ND-7600

3800

Dry

Newark, NJ

Industrial

85/86

2

48-52", A,C

 

1

1

21,000

21000

Dry

Newark, NJ

Industrial

85/86

2

108-111", A,C

 

1

0

ND

NA

Dry

Long Island Sound

Reference Site

NR

4

A

 

12

6

ND-57

13

Dry

New England

Industrial

NR

4

A/3 sites

 

4

0

ND

NA

Dry

Seattle, WA

Industrial

NR

4

A

 

4

0

ND

NA

NR

Central Minnesota

Rural

NR

5

A

 

2

2

1.0-1.4

1.2

Dry

Baltic Sea

Reference Site

NR

13

A

 

3

2

ND-2.4

1.5

NR

Stockholm Sweden

Various

NR

12

A

 

4

4

1.9-26

9.6

Dry

Iggesund Sweden

Industrial

NR

13

A/papermill

 

4

1

ND-3

1.19

NR

Dala River, Sweden

Industrial

88

17

0-1 cm

2,3,7,8-TCDD (continued)

6

6

1.2-32

12.0

NR

Lake Vattern, Sweden

Industrial

88

17

0-1 cm

 

5

3

ND-110

28.1

NR

Lake Vanern, Sweden

Industrial

88

17

0-1 cm

 

4

4

0.03-0.11

0.06

Dry

Fjord between Denmark, Sweden, and Norway

Industrial

87

14

0-1 cm, E

 

1

1

0.04

0.04

Dry

Fjord between Denmark, Sweden, and Norway

Industrial

87

14

4-6 cm, E

 

1

1

0.01

0.01

Dry

Fjord between Demark, Sweden, and Norway

Industrial

87

14

9-13 cm, E

 

5

5

3.4-1,500

375

NR

Hamburg Germany

Urban

NR

15

 

TCDDs

18

14

ND-1,400

372

Dry

South Central Finland

Various

88/89

1

AB

 

1

1

26

26

Dry

Siskiwit Lake, Isle Royale, Lake Michigan

Pristine

NR

3

0-0.5 cm, A,D

 

1

1

12

12

Dry

Siskiwit Lake, Isle Royale, Lake Michigan

Pristine

NR

3

5-6 cm, A,D

 

1

0

ND

NA

Dry

Siskiwit Lake, Isle Royale, Lake Michigan

Pristine

NR

3

8-9 cm, A,D

 

4

0

ND

NA

NR

Central Minnesota

Rural

NR

5

A/4 sites

 

25

0

ND

NA

NR

Ontario Canada

Industrial

88

8

A/25 sites

 

12

7

ND-44

17

NR

NY/Mass

NR

NR

10

A

 

3

3

21-69

38

NR

Stockholm Sweden

Various

NR

12

A

 

4

4

21-66

45

Dry

Iggesund Sweden

Industrial

NR

13

A/paper mill

 

2

2

19-35

27

Dry

Baltic Sea

Reference Site

NR

13

A

 

4

4

1.4-6.7

4.2

Dry

Fjord between Denmark, Sweden, and Norway

Industrial

87

14

0-2 cm, E

TCDDs

(continued)

1

1

13

13

Dry

Fjord between Denmark, Sweden, and Norway

Industrial

87

14

4-6 cm, E

 

1

1

5.0

5.0

Dry

Fjord between Denmark, Sweden, and Norway

Industrial

87

14

9-13 cm, E

 

5

5

80-1,700

564

NR

Hamburg Germany

Urban

NR

15

 

Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (MW=356.42)

1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD

4

3

ND-25

7.68

NR

Dala River, Sweden

Industrial

88

17

0-1 cm

 

6

6

7.4-95

44.1

NR

Lake Vattern, Sweden

Industrial

88

17

0-1 cm

 

5

4

ND-100

49.6

NR

Lake Vanern, Sweden

Industrial

88

17

0-1 cm

PeCDDs

1

1

12

12

Dry

Siskiwit Lake, Isle Royale, Lake Michigan

Pristine

NR

3

0-0.5 cm, A,D

 

1

1

11

11

Dry

Siskiwit Lake, Isle Royale,

Lake Michigan

Pristine

NR

3

5-6 cm, A,D

 

1

0

ND

NA

Dry

Siskiwit Lake, Isle Royale,

Lake Michigan

Pristine

NR

3

8-9 cm, A,D

 

4

0

ND

NA

NR

Central Minnesota

Rural

NR

5

A/4 sites

 

25

0

ND

NA

NR

Ontario Canada

Industrial

88

8

A/25 sites

 

12

7

ND-235

50

NR

NY/Mass

NR

NR

10

A

 

3

3

86-230

138

NR

Stockholm Sweden

Various

NR

12

A

 

4

4

52-500

209

Dry

Iggesund Sweden

Industrial

NR

13

A/paper mill

 

2

2

52-100

76

Dry

Baltic Sea

Reference Site

NR

13

A

 

4

4

1.7-41

19

Dry

Fjord between Denmark, Sweden, and Norway

Industrial

87

14

0-2 cm, E

PeCDDs

(continued)

1

1

6.6

6.6

Dry

Fjord between Denmark, Sweden, and Norway

Industrial

87

14

4-6 cm, E

 

1

1

15

15

Dry

Fjord between Denmark, Sweden, and Norway

Industrial

87

14

9-13 cm, E

 

5

5

260-2,700

1,112

NR

Hamburg Germany

Urban

NR

15

 

Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (MW=390.87)

1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD

4

3

ND-19

6.68

NR

Dala River, Sweden

Industrial

88

17

0-1 cm

 

6

6

6.1-33

20.5

NR

Lake Vattern, Sweden

Industrial

88

17

0-1 cm

 

5

5

14-94

36.0

NR

Lake Vanern, Sweden

Industrial

88

17

0-1 cm

1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD

4

4

4.9-120

36.4

NR

Dala River, Sweden

Industrial

88

17

0-1 cm

 

6

6

21-450

188

NR

Lake Vattern, Sweden

Industrial

88

17

0-1 cm

 

5

5

36-600

236

NR

Lake Vanern, Sweden

Industrial

88

17

0-1 cm

1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD

4

4

3.9-51

18.1

NR

Dala River, Sweden

Industrial

88

17

0-1 cm

 

6

6

18-200

95.5

NR

Lake Vattern, Sweden

Industrial

88

17

0-1 cm

 

5

5

18-330

149

NR

Lake Vanern, Sweden

Industrial

88

17

0-1 cm

HxCDDs

1

1

10

10

Dry

Siskiwit Lake, Isle Royale, Lake Michigan

Pristine

NR

3

0-0.5 cm, A,D

 

1

1

8

8

Dry

Siskiwit Lake, Isle Royale,

Lake Michigan

Pristine

NR

3

5-6 cm, A,D

 

1

0

ND

NA

Dry

Siskiwit Lake, Isle Royale,

Lake Michigan

Pristine

NR

3

8-9 cm, A,D

 

4

2

ND-14

5.2

NR

Central Minnesota

Rural

NR

5

A/4 sites

 

25

6

ND-5,700

1,157

NR

Ontario Canada

Industrial

88

8

A/25 sites

HxCDDs

(continued)

12

10

ND-1,335

399

NR

NY/Mass

NR

NR

10

A

 

3

3

16-49

28

NR

Stockholm Sweden

Various

NR

12

A

 

2

2

120-170

145

Dry

Baltic Sea

Reference Site

NR

13

A

 

4

4

130-1,900

608

Dry

Iggesund Sweden

Industrial

NR

13

A/paper mill

 

4

4

2.3-27.0

14

Dry

Fjord between Denmark, Sweden, and Norway

Industrial

87

14

0-2 cm, E

 

1

1

16

16

Dry

Fjord between Denmark, Sweden, and Norway

Industrial

87

14

4-6 cm, E

 

1

1

14

14

Dry

Fjord between Denmark, Sweden, and Norway

Industrial

87

14

9-13 cm, E

 

5

5

580-7,500

2,744

NR

Hamburg Germany

Urban

NR

15

 

Heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (MW=425.31)

HpCDDs

4

4

7.3-110

71

NR

Central Minnesota

Rural

NR

5

A/4 sites

 

25

20

ND-320,000

51,680

NR

Ontario Canada

Industrial

88

8

A/25 sites

 

12

11

ND-18,950

4,168

NR

NY/Mass

NR

NR

10

A

 

3

3

880-5,700

2,233

NR

Stockholm Sweden

Various

NR

12

A

 

2

2

79-210

145

Dry

Baltic Sea

Reference Site

NR

13

A

 

4

4

90-340

190

Dry

Iggesund Sweden

Industrial

NR

13

A/paper mill

 

4

4

2.2-19

12.4

Dry

Fjord between Denmark, Sweden, and Norway

Industrial

87

14

0-2 cm, E

 

1

1

7.2

7.2

Dry

Fjord between Denmark, Sweden, and Norway

Industrial

87

14

4-6 cm, E

HpCDDs (continued)

1

1

7.1

7.1

Dry

Fjord between Denmark, Sweden, and Norway

Industrial

87

14

9-13 cm, E

 

5

5

1,300-8,600

4,040

NR

Hamburg Germany

Urban

NR

15

 

Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (MW=460.76)

1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-OCDD

18

3

ND-42

6.1

Dry

South Central Finland

Various

88/89

1

A,B

 

9

9

3,100-14,000

8,100

Dry

Newark, NJ

Industrial

85/86

2

0-2", A,C

 

4

4

5,300-23,000

14,100

Dry

Newark, NJ

Industrial

85/86

2

2-4", A,C

 

2

2

10,000-31,000

20,500

Dry

Newark, NJ

Industrial

85/86

2

4-8", A,C

 

1

1

7,500

7,500

Dry

Newark, NJ

Industrial

85/86

2

12-16", A,C

 

1

1

5,900

5,900

Dry

Newark, NJ

Industrial

85/86

2

20-24", A,C

 

2

2

11,000-19,000

15,000

Dry

Newark, NJ

Industrial

85/86

2

24-28", A,C

 

2

2

5,500-22,000

13,800

Dry

Newark, NJ

Industrial

85/86

2

28-32", A,C

 

3

3

5,600-42,000

17,800

Dry

Newark, NJ

Industrial

85/86

2

32-36", A,C

 

1

1

5,500

5,500

Dry

Newark, NJ

Industrial

85/86

2

40-44", A,C

 

2

2

4,400-24,000

14,200

Dry

Newark, NJ

Industrial

85/86

2

48-52", A,C

 

1

1

38,000

38,000

Dry

Newark, NJ

Industrial

85/86

2

108-111", A,C

 

1

1

560

560

Dry

Siskiwit Lake, Isle Royale, Lake Superior

Pristine

NR

3

0-0.5 cm, A,D

 

1

1

390

390

Dry

Siskiwit Lake, Isle Royale,

Lake Superior

Pristine

NR

3

5-6 cm, A,D

 

1

1

54

54

Dry

Siskiwit Lake, Isle Royale,

Lake Superior

Pristine

NR

3

8-9 cm, A,D

1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-OCDD

4

4

450-600

518

NR

Central Minnesota

Rural

NR

5

A/4 sites

(continued)

25

20

ND-980,000

141,420

NR

Ontario Canada

Industrial

88

8

A/25 sites

 

12

12

1,990-15,500

8,201

NR

NY/Mass

NR

NR

10

A

 

7

7

12-250

145

Dry

Jackfish Bay, Lake Superior

Various

NR

11

Papermill,

atmospheric contamination

 

3

3

260-3,100

1,290

NR

Stockholm Sweden

Various

NR

12

A

 

2

2

89-250

170

Dry

Baltic Sea

Reference Site

NR

13

A

 

4

4

96-330

194

Dry

Iggesund Sweden

Industrial

NR

13

A/paper mill

 

4

4

180-16,830

5195

NR

Dala River, Sweden

Industrial

88

17

0-1 cm

 

6

6

800-2200

1775

NR

Lake Vattern, Sweden

Industrial

88

17

0-1 cm

 

5

5

1320-6090

3040

NR

Lake Vanern, Sweden

Industrial

88

17

0-1 cm

 

4

4

3.6-45

24

Dry

Fjord between Denmark, Sweden, and Norway

Industrial

87

14

0-2 cm, E

 

1

1

10

10

Dry

Fjord between Denmark, Sweden, and Norway

Industrial

87

14

4-6 cm, E

 

1

1

6.9

6.9

Dry

Fjord between Denmark, Sweden, and Norway

Industrial

87

14

9-13 cm, E

 

5

5

2,800-15,000

7,560

NR

Hamburg Germany

Urban

NR

15

 

 

a Key: A LOD (Ref 1) = 20 to 50 ppt, LOD (Ref 2) = 22 to 60 ppt, LOD (Ref 3) = 0.4 ppt, LOD (Ref 4) = 0.7 to 12.0 ppt, LOD (Ref 5) = 0.61 to 4.1 ppt, LOD (Ref 8) = 10 to 500 ppt, LOD (Ref 10) = 3 ppt, LOD (Ref 12) = 1 to 20 ppt, LOD (Ref 13) = 1 to 6.6 ppt.

B Dry surface sediments from 18 lakes.

C Industry produced 2,4,5-Trichlorophenate (2,4,5-T precursor).

D No anthropogenic inputs into drainage basin--only atmospheric sources into lake.

E Mg-Production Facility.

Notes

NR = Not Reported

NA = Not Applicable

ND = Not Detected

ppt = Parts per trillion

 

Sources:

1. Koistinen et al. (1990) 9. Huckins et al. (1988)

2. Bopp et al. (1991) 10. Petty et al. (1982)

3. Czuczwa et al. (1984) 11. Sherman et al. (1990)

4. Norwood et al. (1989) 12. Rappe and Kjeller (1987)

5. Reed et al. (1990) 13. Rappe et al. (1989a)

6. Sonzongi et al. (1991) 14. Oehme et al. (1989)

7. Oliver and Nilmi (1988) 15. Gotz and Schumacher (1990)

8. McKee et al. (1990) 16. Smith et al. (1990)

17. Kjeller et al. (1990)