Table B-1. Environmental Levels of Dioxins in Soil (ppt)
Chemical |
Number samples |
Number positive samples |
Concentration range |
Conc. mean |
Location |
Location description |
Sample year |
Ref. no. |
Comments |
Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (MW=321.98) |
|||||||||
2,3,7,8-TCDD |
77 |
NR |
ND-2.1 |
<0.5 |
British Isles |
Background |
NR |
11 |
|
3 |
0 |
ND(0.2-2.0) |
NA |
Various parts of Europe |
Rural |
NR |
10 |
||
2 |
2 |
2.4-0.84 |
1.62 |
Various parts of Europe |
Industrial |
NR |
10 |
||
23 |
23 |
10-36000 |
2133 |
Midland, MI |
Industrial |
1 |
|||
62 |
59 |
ND-270 |
55 |
Midland, MI |
Residential |
1 |
|||
13 |
1 |
ND-2 |
<1 |
Henry, IL |
Residential |
1 |
|||
22 |
6 |
ND-5 |
1 |
Middletown, OH |
Residential |
1 |
|||
4 |
0 |
ND(1.0) |
NA |
MN |
Pristine |
1 |
|||
NR |
NR |
NR |
2 |
Finland |
Industrial |
2 |
|||
33 |
33 |
41-52000 |
4300 |
Midland, MI |
Industrial |
3 |
|||
11 |
9 |
ND-590 |
145 |
Midland, MI |
Industrial |
3 |
|||
20 |
13 |
ND-9.4 |
2 |
US |
Industrial |
3 |
Urban area |
||
8 |
8 |
0.6-3.1 |
2 |
Sweden |
Urban |
5 |
Near Stockholm |
||
4 |
0 |
ND(3.75) |
NA |
Elk River, MN |
Rural |
6 |
Agriculture |
||
12 |
12 |
1-7 |
3 |
England |
Residential |
7 |
Rural |
||
19 |
6 |
ND-4.2 |
1 |
England |
Urban |
8 |
|||
TCDDs |
1 |
1 |
3.2 |
3.2 |
Various parts of Europe |
Rural |
10 |
||
77 |
NR |
ND-69 |
9.4 |
British Isles |
Background |
NR |
11 |
||
NR |
NR |
200 |
NR |
Muggenburger st. Hamburg,Germany |
Industrial |
1985 |
12 |
Maximum contents reported |
|
NR |
NR |
2.8 |
NR |
Kirchsteinbek, Hamburg,Germany |
Industrial |
1985 |
12 |
Maximum contents reported |
|
NR |
NR |
0.9 |
NR |
Ochsenwerder Landscheideweg, Hamburg,Germany |
Contaminated site |
1985 |
12 |
Maximum contents reported |
|
NR |
NR |
874 |
NR |
Moorefleeter Brack Hamburg,Germany |
Contaminated site |
1985 |
12 |
Maximum contents reported |
|
TCDDs (continued) |
47 |
11 |
ND-430 |
40.3 |
Ontario and U.S. Midwestern States. |
Urban |
13 |
||
2 |
2 |
11.2-55.5 |
33.4 |
Various parts of Europe |
Industrial |
10 |
|||
1 |
1 |
320 |
320 |
Midland, MI |
Industrial |
1 |
|||
7 |
5 |
ND-290 |
109 |
Midland, MI |
Residential |
1 |
|||
5 |
0 |
ND(1.0) |
NA |
Middletown, OH |
Residential |
1 |
|||
3 |
0 |
ND(1.0) |
NA |
MN |
Pristine |
1 |
|||
NR |
NR |
NR |
89 |
Finland |
Industrial |
2 |
|||
11 |
NR |
ND-7 |
<1 |
Canada |
4 |
Near Incinerator |
|||
12 |
NR |
ND-430 |
69 |
Canada |
4 |
Near Incinerator |
|||
53 |
0 |
ND(55) |
NA |
Canada |
Rural |
4 |
|||
29 |
NR |
ND-1200 |
69 |
Canada |
Urban |
4 |
|||
8 |
8 |
37-217 |
98 |
Sweden |
Urban |
5 |
Near Stockholm |
||
4 |
0 |
ND(3.75) |
NA |
Elk River, MN |
Agriculture |
6 |
|||
12 |
12 |
17-120 |
42 |
England |
Residential |
7 |
Rural |
||
19 |
19 |
9-160 |
65 |
England |
Urban |
8 |
|||
Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (MW=356.42) |
|||||||||
1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD |
NR |
NR |
NR |
15 |
Finland |
Industrial |
2 |
||
8 |
8 |
2.6-18.3 |
10 |
Sweden |
Urban |
5 |
Near Stockholm |
||
4 |
0 |
ND(3.75) |
NA |
Elk River, MN |
Rural |
6 |
Agriculture |
||
19 |
7 |
ND-11 |
2 |
England |
Urban |
8 |
|||
77 |
NR |
ND-2.4 |
<0.5 |
British Isles |
Background |
NR |
11 |
||
PeCDDs |
1 |
1 |
4.6 |
4.6 |
various parts of Europe |
Rural |
10 |
||
2 |
2 |
220-270 |
245 |
various parts of Europe |
Industrial |
10 |
|||
77 |
NR |
ND-46 |
6.6 |
British Isles |
Background |
NR |
11 |
||
47 |
7 |
ND-580 |
38.4 |
Ontario and U.S. Midwestern States. |
Urban |
13 |
|||
PeCDDs (continued) |
1 |
1 |
240 |
NA |
Midland, MI |
Industrial |
1 |
||
6 |
2 |
ND-120 |
37 |
Midland, MI |
Residential |
1 |
|||
5 |
0 |
ND(1.0) |
NA |
Middletown, OH |
Residential |
1 |
|||
3 |
0 |
ND(1.0) |
NA |
MN |
Pristine |
1 |
|||
NR |
NR |
NR |
900 |
Finland |
Industrial |
2 |
|||
11 |
NR |
ND-580 |
53 |
Canada |
4 |
Near Incinerator |
|||
12 |
NR |
ND-540 |
81 |
Canada |
4 |
Near Incinerator |
|||
53 |
0 |
ND(55) |
NA |
Canada |
Rural |
4 |
|||
29 |
NR |
ND-130 |
23 |
Canada |
Urban |
4 |
|||
8 |
8 |
46-476 |
159 |
Sweden |
Urban |
5 |
Near Stockholm |
||
4 |
1 |
ND-38 |
10 |
Elk River, MN |
Rural |
6 |
Agriculture |
||
12 |
12 |
4-50 |
20 |
England |
Residential |
7 |
Rural |
||
19 |
19 |
6-190 |
69 |
England |
Urban |
8 |
|||
13 |
13 |
33.7-1264 |
302 |
Salzburg, Austria |
Urban |
90-91 |
14 |
||
6 |
6 |
7.1-184 |
49.9 |
Salzburg, Austria |
Rural |
90-91 |
14 |
||
5 |
5 |
92.2-455 |
181 |
Salzburg, Austria |
Industrial |
90-91 |
14 |
||
Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (MW=390.87) |
|||||||||
1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD |
NR |
NR |
NR |
<2 |
Finland |
Industrial |
2 |
||
8 |
8 |
4.3-8.0 |
6 |
Sweden |
Urban |
5 |
Near Stockholm |
||
4 |
0 |
ND(3.75) |
NA |
Elk River, MN |
Rural |
6 |
Agriculture |
||
1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD |
NR |
NR |
NR |
2100 |
Finland |
Industrial |
2 |
||
8 |
8 |
3.3-32.2 |
12 |
Sweden |
Urban |
5 |
Near Stockholm |
||
4 |
1 |
ND-14 |
4 |
Elk River, MN |
Rural |
6 |
AGriculture |
||
1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD |
NR |
NR |
NR |
700 |
Finland |
Industrial |
2 |
||
8 |
8 |
1.6-16.6 |
8 |
Sweden |
Urban |
5 |
Near Stockholm |
||
4 |
2 |
ND-9.9 |
9 |
Elk River, MN |
Rural |
6 |
Agriculture |
||
HxCDDs |
1 |
1 |
4.7 |
4.7 |
Various parts of Europe |
Rural |
10 |
||
2 |
2 |
200-330 |
265 |
Various parts of Europe |
Industrial |
10 |
|||
77 |
NR |
2.8-165 |
38 |
British Isles |
Background |
NR |
11 |
||
47 |
13 |
ND-410 |
38.12 |
Ontario and U.S. Midwestern States. |
Urban |
13 |
|||
20 |
8 |
ND-240 |
44.1 |
Canada and U.S.A. |
Industrial |
13 |
|||
1 |
1 |
4000 |
4000 |
Midland, MI |
Industrial |
1 |
|||
7 |
5 |
ND-410 |
172 |
Midland, MI |
Residential |
1 |
|||
5 |
1 |
ND-72 |
14 |
Middletown, OH |
Residential |
1 |
|||
3 |
0 |
ND(1.0) |
NA |
MN |
Pristine |
1 |
|||
NR |
NR |
NR |
7200 |
Finland |
Industrial |
2 |
|||
11 |
NA |
ND-170 |
15 |
Canada |
4 |
Near Incinerator |
|||
12 |
NA |
ND-70 |
9 |
Canada |
4 |
Near Incinerator |
|||
53 |
0 |
ND(55) |
NA |
Canada |
Rural |
4 |
|||
29 |
0 |
ND(55) |
NA |
Canada |
Urban |
4 |
|||
8 |
8 |
43-349 |
156 |
Sweden |
Urban |
5 |
Near Stockholm |
||
4 |
4 |
12-99 |
48 |
Elk River, MN |
Rural |
6 |
Agriculture |
||
12 |
12 |
8-43 |
23 |
England |
Residential |
7 |
Rural |
||
19 |
19 |
23-340 |
154 |
England |
Urban |
8 |
|||
Heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (MW=425.31) |
|||||||||
1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD |
NR |
NR |
NR |
4700 |
Finland |
Industrial |
2 |
||
8 |
8 |
43-492 |
144 |
Sweden |
Urban |
5 |
Near Stockholm |
||
4 |
4 |
37-360 |
194 |
Elk River, MN |
Rural |
6 |
Agriculture |
||
1,2,3,4,6,7,9-HpCDD |
NR |
NR |
NR |
7100 |
Finland |
Industrial |
2 |
||
HpCDDs |
3 |
1 |
ND-17 |
9.0 |
Various parts of Europe |
Rural |
10 |
||
2 |
2 |
370-1600 |
985 |
Various parts of Europe |
Industrial |
10 |
|||
77 |
NR |
7.5-234 |
66 |
British Isles |
Background |
NR |
11 |
||
30 |
3 |
ND-91 |
5.4 |
Ontario and U.S. Midwestern States. |
Rural |
13 |
|||
47 |
25 |
ND-2400 |
212 |
Ontario and U.S. Midwestern States. |
Urban |
13 |
|||
20 |
19 |
ND-5000 |
1197 |
Canada and U.S.A. |
Industrial |
13 |
|||
HpCDDs (continued) |
1 |
1 |
75000 |
75000 |
Midland, MI |
Industrial |
1 |
||
7 |
7 |
150-2400 |
930 |
Midland, MI |
Residential |
1 |
|||
5 |
5 |
23-200 |
113 |
Middletown, OH |
Residential |
1 |
|||
3 |
3 |
25-91 |
54 |
MN |
Pristine |
1 |
|||
11 |
NR |
ND-390 |
90 |
Canada |
4 |
Near Incinerator |
|||
12 |
NR |
ND-300 |
43 |
Canada |
4 |
Near Incinerator |
|||
53 |
0 |
ND(55) |
NA |
Canada |
Rural |
4 |
|||
29 |
NR |
ND-1100 |
93 |
Canada |
Urban |
4 |
|||
8 |
8 |
83-904 |
277 |
Sweden |
Urban |
5 |
Near Stockholm |
||
4 |
4 |
62-640 |
346 |
Elk River, MN |
Rural |
6 |
Agriculture |
||
12 |
12 |
20-130 |
64 |
England |
Residential |
7 |
Rural |
||
19 |
19 |
77-5500 |
817 |
England |
Urban |
8 |
|||
Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (MW=460.76) |
|||||||||
1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-OCDD |
1 |
1 |
14 |
14 |
Various parts of Europe |
Rural |
10 |
||
2 |
2 |
140-160 |
160 |
Various parts of Europe |
Industrial |
10 |
|||
77 |
NR |
29-832 |
191 |
British Isles |
Background |
NR |
11 |
||
30 |
17 |
44-810 |
67.33 |
Ontario and U.S. Midwestern States. |
Rural |
13 |
|||
47 |
38 |
ND-12000 |
1599 |
Ontario and U.S. Midwestern States. |
Urban |
13 |
|||
20 |
20 |
15-26000 |
3442 |
Canada and U.S.A. |
Industrial |
13 |
|||
1 |
1 |
375000 |
375000 |
Midland, MI |
Industrial |
1 |
|||
7 |
7 |
330-12000 |
4473 |
Midland, MI |
Residential |
1 |
|||
5 |
5 |
170-10600 |
2418 |
Middletown, OH |
Residential |
1 |
|||
3 |
3 |
25-91 |
54 |
MN |
Pristine |
1 |
|||
NR |
NR |
NR |
6200 |
Finland |
Industrial |
2 |
|||
11 |
NR |
ND-3500 |
663 |
Canada |
4 |
Near Incinerator |
|||
12 |
NR |
ND-1500 |
570 |
Canada |
4 |
Near Incinerator |
|||
53 |
NR |
ND-100 |
31 |
Canada |
Rural |
4 |
|||
29 |
NR |
ND-16000 |
2464 |
Canada |
Urban |
4 |
|||
8 |
8 |
113-2659 |
687 |
Sweden |
Urban |
5 |
Near Stockholm |
||
4 |
4 |
340-3300 |
1655 |
Elk River, MN |
Rural |
6 |
Agriculture |
||
1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-OCDD |
12 |
12 |
20-150 |
58 |
England |
Residential |
7 |
Rural |
|
(continued) |
19 |
19 |
176-99000 |
9980 |
England |
Urban |
8 |
||
Footnote References
NOTES: Summary statistics provided in or derived from references; when reference did not compute mean, it was computed using one-half the detection limit for non-detects;
NA = Not applicable;
ND = Non-detect;
NR = Not reported;
Detection limits varied by study and as was different for different compounds, but generally were 1 to 5 ng/kg (ppt). Descriptions provided were those given by reference or surmised from study description when not given.
Sources:
1. EPA (1985) 8. Creaser, et al. (1990)
2. Kitunen and Salkinoja-Salonen (1990). 10. Rappe and Kjeller (1987)
3. Nestrick, et al. (1986). 11. Creaser, et al. (1989)
4. Pearson, et al. (1990). 12. Sievers and Friesel (1989)
5. Broman, et al. (1990). 13. Birmingham (1990)
6. Reed, et al. (1990). 14. Boos, et al. (1992)
7. Stenhouse and Badsha (1990).