Table B-11. Levels of Dioxins in Food Products (ppt)

     

Number

               

Chemical

Sample

Number

positive

Concentration

Conc.

Wt.

Location

Location

Sample

Ref.

Comments

 

typea

samples

samples

range

Meanb

basis

 

description

year

no.

 

Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (MW=321.98)

2,3,7,8-TCDD

Food basket

3

0

ND(0.1-0.4)

NA

Fresh

Sweden

Urban

NR

1

 
 

Herring, fillet

1

1

1.4

1.4

Fresh

Baltic Sea, Sweden

 

88

1

sample composite 12 fillets

 

Milk

2

0

ND(.012-.013)

NA

Whole

Switzerland

Background

NR

2

 
 

Milk

4

3

ND-0.049

0.027

Whole

Switzerland

Industrial

NR

2

Near Incinerators

 

Milk

1

1

0.2

0.2

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

3

composite from 8 trucks

 

Butter

1

1

0.08

0.08

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Beef fat

1

1

0.6

0.6

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

from slaughterhouse

 

Pork

1

1

0.03

0.03

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Sheep fat

1

1

0.01

0.01

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

from slaughterhouse

 

Chicken

1

1

0.3

0.3

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Eggs

1

1

0.2

0.2

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Herring

1

1

4.7

4.7

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Cod

1

1

23

23

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Redfish

1

1

2.8

2.8

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Milk

1

1

0.0018

0.0018

Whole

U.S.

 

NR

4

 
 

Beef

3

3

0.017-0.062

0.032

Whole

U.S.

 

NR

4

 
 

Pork

3

0

ND(0.006)

NA

Whole

U.S.

 

NR

4

 
 

Milk

10

NR

ND-1.9

0.4

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

samples not randomly selected

 

Cheese

10

0

ND(0.5)

NA

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 

2,3,7,8-TCDD

Butter

5

0

ND(0.5)

NA

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 

(continued)

Beef

3

0

ND(0.5)

NA

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Veal

4

0

ND(0.5)

NA

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Pork

3

0

ND(0.5)

NA

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Sheep

2

0

ND(0.5)

NA

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Chicken

2

0

ND(0.5)

NA

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Canned meat

2

0

ND(0.5)

NA

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Lard

4

0

ND(0.5)

NA

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Milk

7

NR

ND-0.013

0.009c

Whole

England & Wales

Rural

89

7

 
 

Plaice, whole

3

3

0.13-0.18

0.16

Wet

Norwich, UK

 

NR

7

 
 

Mackerel, whole

1

1

0.07

0.07

Wet

Norwich, UK

 

NR

7

 
 

Herring, whole

1

1

0.19

0.19

Wet

Norwich, UK

 

NR

7

 
 

Cod, whole

1

1

0.05

0.05

Wet

Norwich, UK

 

NR

7

 
 

Skate, whole

1

0

ND(0.16)

NA

Wet

Norwich, UK

 

NR

7

 
 

Coley, whole

1

1

0.06

0.06

Wet

Norwich, UK

 

NR

7

 
 

Cow cream

1

0

ND(0.15)

NA

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Beef

1

0

ND(0.03)

NA

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Cheese w/butter

1

0

ND(0.36)

NA

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Beef fat

1

0

ND(0.34)

NA

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Pork

1

0

ND(0.72)

NA

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 

2,3,7,8-TCDD

Butter

1

0

ND(0.53)

NA

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 

(continued)

Swiss cheese

1

0

ND(0.03)

NA

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Sausage

1

0

ND(0.57)

NA

Wet

Moscow, USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Pork sticks

1

0

ND(0.34)

NA

Wet

South Vietnam

 

NR

8

 
 

Pork fat

1

0

ND(0.99)

NA

Wet

South Vietnam

 

NR

8

 
 

Chicken fat

1

0

ND(0.95)

NA

Wet

South Vietnam

 

NR

8

 
 

Milk

1

1

0.12d

0.12d

Whole

Vermont, U.S.

Background

87-88

9

 
 

Cottage cheese

1

0

ND(0.003)

NA

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 
 

Soft blue cheese

1

0

ND(0.05)

NA

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 
 

Heavy cream cheese

1

0

ND(0.04)

NA

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 
 

Soft cream cheese

1

1

0.04

0.04

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 
 

American cheese

1

1

0.07

0.07

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 
 

Beef

5

0

ND(0.12-0.41)

NA

Fat

Los Angeles

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

 

Beef

3

0

ND(0.16-0.40)

NA

Fat

San Francisco

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

 

Pork

5

0

ND(0.07-0.52)

NA

Fat

Los Angeles

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

 

Pork

3

0

ND(0.39-0.49)

NA

Fat

San Francisco

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

 

Chicken

5

2

ND-0.43

0.23

Fat

Los Angeles

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

 

Chicken

3

1

ND-1.67

0.70

Fat

San Francisco

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

 

Eggs

5

0

ND(0.01-0.03)

NA

Whole

Los Angeles

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

 

Eggs

3

0

ND(0.01-0.03)

NA

Whole

San Francisco

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

2,3,7,8-TCDD

Beef

3

3

0.005-0.028

0.017

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

12

 

(continued)

Pork

1

1

0.013

0.013

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

12

 
 

Chicken

1

1

0.011

0.011

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

12

 

Pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (MW = 326.44)

1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD

Food basket

3

0

ND(0.2-0.8)

NA

Fresh

Stockholm, Sweden

Urban

NR

1

 
 

Herring, fillet

1

1

3.5

3.5

Fresh

Baltic Sea, Sweden

 

88

1

sample composite 12 fillets

 

Milk

2

0

ND(0.04-0.06)

NA

Whole

Switzerland

Background

NR

2

 
 

Milk

4

2

ND-0.25

0.12

Whole

Switzerland

Industrial

NR

2

Near Incinerators

 

Milk

1

1

0.7

0.7

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

3

composite from 8 trucks

 

Butter

1

1

0.41

0.41

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Beef fat

1

1

0.8

0.8

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

from slaughterhouse

 

Pork

1

1

0.12

0.12

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Sheep fat

1

1

0.5

0.5

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

from slaughterhouse

 

Chicken

1

1

0.7

0.7

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Eggs

1

1

0.4

0.4

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Herring

1

1

12

12

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Cod

1

1

1.3

1.3

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Redfish

1

1

6.5

6.5

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Milk

10

NR

ND-2.5

1.2

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

samples not randomly selected

 

Cheese

10

NR

ND-0.8

0.6

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 

1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD

Butter

5

0

ND(0.5)

NA

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 

(continued)

Beef

3

3

0.5-4.6

1.7

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Veal

4

4

2.5-3.4

3.1

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Pork

3

0

ND(0.5)

NA

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Sheep

2

0

ND(0.5)

NA

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Chicken

2

2

0.9-1.2

1.0

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Canned meat

2

1

ND-0.9

0.6

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Lard

4

0

ND(0.5)

NA

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Milk

7

7

0.012-0.023

0.016c

Whole

England & Wales

Rural

89

7

 
 

Plaice, whole

3

3

0.10-0.38

0.24

Wet

Norwich, UK

 

NR

7

 
 

Mackerel, whole

1

1

0.10

0.10

Wet

Norwich, UK

 

NR

7

 
 

Herring, whole

1

1

0.60

0.60

Wet

Norwich, UK

 

NR

7

 
 

Cod, whole

1

0

ND(0.06)

NA

Wet

Norwich, UK

 

NR

7

 
 

Skate, whole

1

1

0.07

0.07

Wet

Norwich, UK

 

NR

7

 
 

Coley, whole

1

0

ND(0.04)

NA

Wet

Norwich, UK

 

NR

7

 
 

Cow cream

1

0

ND(0.07)

NA

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Beef

1

0

ND(0.02)

NA

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Cheese w/butter

1

0

ND(0.18)

NA

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Beef fat

1

0

ND(0.17)

NA

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Pork

1

0

ND(0.36)

NA

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 

1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD

Butter

1

0

ND(0.26)

NA

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 

(continued)

Swiss cheese

1

0

ND(0.02)

NA

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Sausage

1

0

ND(0.29)

NA

Wet

Moscow, USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Pork sticks

1

1

0.17

0.17

Wet

South Vietnam

 

NR

8

 
 

Pork fat

1

1

0.50

0.50

Wet

South Vietnam

 

NR

8

 
 

Chicken fat

1

1

0.95

0.95

Wet

South Vietnam

 

NR

8

 
 

Cottage cheese

1

1

0.01

0.01

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 
 

Soft blue cheese

1

1

0.2

0.2

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 
 

Heavy cream cheese

1

1

0.11

0.11

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 
 

Soft cream cheese

1

1

0.11

0.11

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 
 

American cheese

1

1

0.12

0.12

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 
 

Beef

5

0

ND(0.40-17.50)

NA

Fat

Los Angeles

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

 

Beef

3

0

ND(0.49-1.09)

NA

Fat

San Francisco

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

 

Pork

5

0

ND(1.00-4.36)

NA

Fat

Los Angeles

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

 

Pork

3

0

ND(1.94-2.70)

NA

Fat

San Francisco

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

 

Chicken

5

0

ND(0.19-2.19)

NA

Fat

Los Angeles

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

 

Chicken

3

0

ND(0.44-7.40)

NA

Fat

San Francisco

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

 

Eggs

5

0

ND(0.06-0.40)

NA

Whole

Los Angeles

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

 

Eggs

3

0

ND(0.04-0.06)

NA

Whole

San Francisco

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

 

Beef

3

3

0.01 - 0.208

0.093

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

12

 

1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD

Pork

1

1

0.041

0.041

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

12

 

(continued)

Chicken

1

0

ND(0.011)

NA

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

12

 

PeCDDs

Cottage cheese

1

1

0.6

0.6

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 
 

Soft blue cheese

1

1

14

14

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 
 

Heavy cream cheese

1

1

5

5

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 
 

Soft cream cheese

1

1

4

4

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 
 

American cheese

1

1

4

4

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 

Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (MW = 390.87)

1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD

Food basket

3

0

ND(0.4-1.6)

NA

Fresh

Stockholm, Sweden

Urban

NR

1

 
 

Herring, fillet

1

1

0.47

0.47

Fresh

Baltic Sea, Sweden

 

88

1

sample composite 12 fillets

 

Milk

2

1

ND-0.068

0.049

Whole

Switzerland

Background

NR

2

 
 

Milk

4

3

ND-0.23

0.14

Whole

Switzerland

Industrial

NR

2

Near Incinerators

 

Milk

1

1

0.3

0.3

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

3

composite from 8 trucks

 

Butter

1

1

0.15

0.15

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Beef fat

1

1

0.6

0.6

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

from slaughterhouse

 

Pork

1

1

0.21

0.21

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Sheep fat

1

1

0.3

0.3

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

from slaughterhouse

 

Chicken

1

1

0.5

0.5

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Eggs

1

1

1.3

1.3

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Herring

1

1

1.2

1.2

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 

1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD

Cod

1

1

0.01

0.01

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 

(continued)

Redfish

1

1

0.5

0.5

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Milk

10

NR

ND-2.0

0.8

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

samples not randomly selected

 

Cheese

10

10

0.2-0.4

0.3

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Butter

5

0

ND(0.5)

NA

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Beef

3

3

0.5-4.6

1.9

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Veal

4

4

1.1-3.0

1.9

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Pork

3

0

ND(0.5)

NA

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Sheep

2

2

0.7-1.0

0.8

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Chicken

2

1

ND-0.8

0.6

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Canned meat

2

1

ND-2.1

1.0

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Lard

4

0

ND(0.5)

NA

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Cow cream

1

0

ND(0.07)

NA

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Beef

1

0

ND(0.02)

NA

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Cheese w/butter

1

0

ND(0.18)

NA

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Beef fat

1

0

ND(0.17)

NA

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Pork

1

0

ND(0.36)

NA

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Butter

1

0

ND(0.26)

NA

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Swiss cheese

1

1

0.012

0.012

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Sausage

1

0

ND(0.29)

NA

Wet

Moscow, USSR

 

88-89

8

 

1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD

Pork sticks

1

1

0.24

NA

Wet

South Vietnam

 

NR

8

 

(continued)

Pork fat

1

1

0.60

NA

Wet

South Vietnam

 

NR

8

 
 

Chicken fat

1

1

0.48

NA

Wet

South Vietnam

 

NR

8

 
 

Cottage cheese

1

1

0.02

0.02

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 
 

Soft blue cheese

1

1

0.29

0.29

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 
 

Heavy cream cheese

1

1

0.07

0.07

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 
 

Soft cream cheese

1

1

0.14

0.14

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 
 

American cheese

1

1

0.017

0.017

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 
 

Eggs

5

0

ND(0.12-0.67)

NA

Whole

Los Angeles

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

 

Eggs

3

0

ND(0.08-0.25)

NA

Whole

San Fransisco

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

 

Chicken

1

0

ND(0.017)

NA

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

12

 

1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD

Food basket

3

0

ND(0.4-1.6)

NA

Fresh

Stockholm, Sweden

Urban

NR

1

 
 

Herring, fillet

1

1

1.8

1.8

Fresh

Baltic Sea, Sweden

 

88

1

sample composite 12 fillets

 

Milk

2

1

ND-0.068

0.049

Whole

Switzerland

Background

NR

2

 
 

Milk

4

3

ND-0.29

0.18

Whole

Switzerland

Industrial

NR

2

Near Incinerators

 

Milk

1

1

1.1

1.1

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

3

composite from 8 trucks

 

Butter

1

1

0.95

0.95

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Beef fat

1

1

1.9

1.9

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

from slaughterhouse

 

Pork

1

1

0.29

0.29

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Sheep fat

1

1

1.5

1.5

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

from slaughterhouse

1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD

Chicken

1

1

2.8

2.8

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 

(continued)

Eggs

1

1

1.4

1.4

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Herring

1

1

5.8

5.8

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Cod

1

1

17

17

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Redfish

1

1

8.4

8.4

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Milk

10

10

0.5-10.0

4.0

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

samples not randomly selected

 

Cheese

10

10

0.4-1.2

0.8

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Butter

5

NR

ND-1.0

0.7

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Beef

3

3

1.3-6.0

3.2

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Veal

4

4

3.3-8.0

5.3

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Pork

3

0

ND(0.5)

NA

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Sheep

2

2

2.3-3.7

3.0

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Chicken

2

2

1.7-1.8

1.8

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Canned meat

2

2

0.9-7.4

3.2

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Lard

4

NR

ND-0.6

0.3

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Cow cream

1

1

0.135

0.135

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Beef

1

1

0.018

0.018

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Cheese w/butter

1

1

0.288

0.288

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Beef fat

1

1

0.340

0.340

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Pork

1

0

ND(0.36)

NA

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 

1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD

Butter

1

1

0.318

0.318

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 

(continued)

Swiss cheese

1

1

0.048

0.048

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Sausage

1

0

ND(0.29)

NA

Wet

Moscow, USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Pork sticks

1

1

0.47

0.47

Wet

South Vietnam

 

NR

8

 
 

Pork fat

1

1

1.69

1.69

Wet

South Vietnam

 

NR

8

 
 

Chicken fat

1

1

3.8

3.8

Wet

South Vietnam

 

NR

8

 
 

Cottage cheese

1

1

0.07

0.07

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 
 

Soft blue cheese

1

1

1.72

1.72

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 
 

Heavy cream cheese

1

1

0.7

0.7

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 
 

Soft cream cheese

1

1

0.58

0.58

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 
 

American cheese

1

1

0.38

0.38

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 
 

Beef

5

0

ND(0.74-2.72)

NA

Fat

Los Angeles

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

 

Beef

3

0

ND(1.64-4.08)

NA

Fat

San Francisco

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

 

Pork

5

0

ND(0.64-3.60)

NA

Fat

Los Angeles

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

 

Pork

3

0

ND(1.06-2.92)

NA

Fat

San Francisco

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

 

Chicken

5

1

ND-2.14

0.98

Fat

Los Angeles

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

 

Chicken

3

1

ND-4.30

1.84

Fat

San Francisco

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

 

Eggs

5

0

ND(0.10-0.56)

NA

Whole

Los Angeles

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

 

Eggs

3

0

ND(0.07-0.21)

NA

Whole

San Francisco

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

 

Beef

3

3

0.03-1.981

0.84

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

12

 

1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD

Pork

1

1

0.282

0.282

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

12

 

(continued)

Chicken

1

1

0.04

0.04

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

12

 

1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD

Food basket

3

0

ND(0.5-1.6)

NA

Fresh

Stockholm, Sweden

Urban

NR

1

 
 

Herring, fillet

1

1

0.25

0.25

Fresh

Baltic Sea, Sweden

 

88

1

sample composite 12 fillets

 

Milk

2

1

ND-0.068

0.049

Whole

Switzerland

Background

NR

2

 
 

Milk

4

3

ND-0.17

0.10

Whole

Switzerland

Industrial

NR

2

Near Incinerators

 

Milk

1

1

0.4

0.4

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

3

composite from 8 trucks

 

Butter

1

1

0.26

0.26

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Beef fat

1

1

0.6

0.6

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

from slaughterhouse

 

Pork

1

1

0.06

0.06

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Sheep fat

1

1

0.4

0.4

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

from slaughterhouse

 

Chicken

1

1

0.6

0.6

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Eggs

1

1

0.5

0.5

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Herring

1

1

1.0

1.0

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Cod

1

1

5.2

5.2

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Redfish

1

1

1.3

1.3

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Milk

10

NR

ND-3.0

0.8

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

samples not randomly selected

 

Cheese

10

10

0.3-0.9

0.5

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Butter

5

0

ND(0.5)

NA

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Beef

3

3

0.7-4.5

2.0

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 

1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD

Veal

4

4

1.2-3.0

1.8

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 

(continued)

Pork

3

0

ND(0.5)

NA

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Sheep

2

NR

ND-1.1

0.7

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Chicken

2

2

0.5-0.6

0.6

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Canned meat

2

NR

ND-2.7

1.2

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Lard

4

0

ND(0.5)

NA

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Milk

7

NR

ND-0.018

0.010c

Whole

England & Wales

Rural

89

7

 
 

Plaice, whole

3

3

0.02-0.05

0.04

Wet

Norwich, UK

 

NR

7

 
 

Mackerel, whole

1

1

0.02

0.02

Wet

Norwich, UK

 

NR

7

 
 

Herring, whole

1

1

0.07

0.07

Wet

Norwich, UK

 

NR

7

 
 

Cod, whole

1

0

ND(0.02)

NA

Wet

Norwich, UK

 

NR

7

 
 

Skate, whole

1

1

0.04

0.04

Wet

Norwich, UK

 

NR

7

 
 

Coley, whole

1

0

ND(0.04)

NA

Wet

Norwich, UK

 

NR

7

 
 

Cow cream

1

0

ND(0.07)

NA

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Beef

1

0

ND(0.02)

NA

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Cheese w/butter

1

0

ND(0.18)

NA

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Beef fat

1

0

ND(0.17)

NA

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Pork

1

0

ND(0.36)

NA

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Butter

1

0

ND(0.26)

NA

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Swiss cheese

1

1

0.012

0.012

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 

1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD

Sausage

1

0

ND(0.29)

NA

Wet

Moscow, USSR

 

88-89

8

 

(continued)

Pork sticks

1

1

0.10

0.10

Wet

South Vietnam

 

NR

8

 
 

Pork fat

1

1

0.40

0.40

Wet

South Vietnam

 

NR

8

 
 

Chicken fat

1

1

0.67

0.67

Wet

South Vietnam

 

NR

8

 
 

Cottage cheese

1

1

0.02

0.02

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 
 

Soft blue cheese

1

1

0.29

0.29

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 
 

Heavy cream cheese

1

1

0.14

0.14

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 
 

Soft cream cheese

1

1

0.14

0.14

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 
 

American cheese

1

1

0.19

0.19

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 
 

Beef

5

0

ND(0.74-2.72)

NA

Fat

Los Angeles, CA

 

NR

11

 
 

Beef

3

0

ND(1.64-4.08)

NA

Fat

San Francisco, CA

 

NR

11

 
 

Pork

5

0

ND(0.64-3.6)

NA

Fat

Los Angeles,

 

NR

11

 
 

Pork

3

0

ND(1.06-2.92)

NA

Fat

San Francisco, CA

 

NR

11

 
 

Chicken

5

1

ND-2.14

NA

Fat

Los Angeles, CA

 

NR

11

 
 

Chicken

3

1

ND-4.30

NA

Fat

San Francisco, CA

 

NR

11

 
 

Beef

3

3

0.011-0.616

0.238

Wet

New York

 

1990

12

 
 

Pork

1

1

0.044

0.044

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

12

 
 

Chicken

1

0

ND(0.014)

NA

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

12

 

HxCDDs

Chicken fat

26

13

ND-67

27

Fat

Canada

 

80

6

 

Heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (MW = 425.31)

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD

Food basket

3

0

ND(0.4-1.7)

NA

Fresh

Stockholm, Sweden

Urban

NR

1

 
 

Herring, fillet

1

1

0.45

0.45

Fresh

Baltic Sea, Sweden

 

88

1

sample composite 12 fillets

 

Milk

2

2

0.064

0.064

Whole

Switzerland

Background

NR

2

 
 

Milk

4

4

0.066-0.42

0.21

Whole

Switzerland

Industrial

NR

2

Near Incinerators

 

Milk

1

1

2

2

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

3

composite from 8 trucks

 

Butter

1

1

1.5

1.5

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Beef fat

1

1

18

18

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

from slaughterhouse

 

Pork

1

1

2.1

2.1

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Sheep fat

1

1

15

15

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

from slaughterhouse

 

Chicken

1

1

6.0

6.0

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Eggs

1

1

0.4

0.4

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Herring

1

1

3.6

3.6

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Cod

1

1

10

10

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Redfish

1

1

3.0

3.0

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Milk

10

10

1.0-29.0

6.2

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

samples not randomly selected

 

Cheese

10

10

1.2-4.0

2.3

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Butter

5

5

0.5-5.0

1.7

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Beef

3

3

1.8-6.7

3.9

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Veal

4

4

2.6-43.7

14.4

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Pork

3

NR

ND-1.6

0.7

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD

Sheep

2

2

10.9-11.8

11.4

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 

(continued)

Chicken

2

2

4.5-5.0

4.5

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Canned meat

2

2

2.5-33.0

13.2

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Lard

4

4

2.0-3.0

2.8

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Milk

7

NR

ND-0.066

0.046c

Whole

England & Wales

Rural

89

7

 
 

Plaice, whole

3

3

0.13-0.34

0.22

Wet

Norwich, UK

 

NR

7

 
 

Mackerel, whole

1

1

0.48

0.48

Wet

Norwich, UK

 

NR

7

 
 

Herring, whole

1

1

0.47

0.47

Wet

Norwich, UK

 

NR

7

 
 

Cod, whole

1

0

ND(0.44)

NA

Wet

Norwich, UK

 

NR

7

 
 

Skate, whole

1

1

0.26

0.26

Wet

Norwich, UK

 

NR

7

 
 

Coley, whole

1

1

0.21

0.21

Wet

Norwich, UK

 

NR

7

 
 

Cow cream

1

1

0.450

0.450

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Beef

1

1

0.156

0.156

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Cheese w/butter

1

1

0.720

0.720

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Beef fat

1

0

ND(0.17)

NA

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Pork

1

1

1.44

1.44

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Butter

1

1

0.530

0.530

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Swiss cheese

1

1

0.240

0.240

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Sausage

1

1

0.57

0.57

Wet

Moscow, USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Pork sticks

1

1

2.84

2.84

Wet

South Vietnam

 

NR

8

 

1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD

Pork fat

1

1

7.44

7.44

Wet

South Vietnam

 

NR

8

 

(continued)

Chicken fat

1

1

13.3

13.3

Wet

South Vietnam

 

NR

8

 
 

Cottage cheese

1

1

0.18

0.18

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 
 

Soft blue cheese

1

1

5.88

5.88

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 
 

Heavy cream cheese

1

1

2.11

2.11

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 
 

Soft cream cheese

1

1

1.51

1.51

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 
 

American cheese

1

1

1.13

1.13

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 
 

Beef

5

4

ND-6.71

4.48

Fat

Los Angeles

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

 

Beef

3

3

4.56-8.95

6.28

Fat

San Francisco

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

 

Pork

5

5

3.32-45.50

14.74

Fat

Los Angeles

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

 

Pork

3

3

3.04-15.30

10.15

Fat

San Francisco

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

 

Chicken

5

4

ND-35.20

9.64

Fat

Los Angeles

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

 

Chicken

3

3

1.10-11.40

4.62

Fat

San Francisco

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

 

Eggs

5

0

ND(0.10-0.42)

NA

Whole

Los Angeles

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

 

Eggs

3

0

ND(0.08-0.24)

NA

Whole

San Francisco

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

 

Beef

3

3

0.117-12.065

4.45

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

12

 
 

Pork

1

1

8.197

8.2

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

12

 
 

Chicken

1

1

0.133

0.13

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

12

 

HpCDDs

Chicken fat

26

16

ND-142

52

Fat

Canada

 

1980

6

 

Octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (MW=460.76)

1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-OCDD

Food basket

3

3

1.0-2.1

1.47

Fresh

Stockholm, Sweden

Urban

NR

1

 
 

Herring, fillet

1

1

0.34

0.34

Fresh

Baltic Sea, Sweden

 

1988

1

sample composite 12 fillets

 

Milk

2

2

0.12-0.16

0.14

Whole

Switzerland

Background

NR

2

 
 

Milk

4

4

0.16-0.59

0.32

Whole

Switzerland

Industrial

NR

2

Near Incinerators

 

Milk

1

1

10

10

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

3

composite from 8 trucks

 

Butter

1

1

3.4

3.4

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Beef fat

1

1

25

25

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

from slaughterhouse

 

Pork

1

1

19

19

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Sheep fat

1

1

68

68

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

from slaughterhouse

 

Chicken

1

1

52

52

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Eggs

1

1

12

12

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Herring

1

1

19

19

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Cod

1

1

83

83

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Redfish

1

1

11

11

Fat

Berlin, W. Germany

Urban

NR

3

 
 

Milk

10

10

4.3-25.0

11.0

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

samples not randomly selected

 

Cheese

10

10

5.0-17.0

10.5

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Butter

5

5

2.0-35.0

11.6

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Beef

3

3

4.7-6.0

5.4

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Veal

4

4

3.1-69.0

22.3

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Pork

3

3

5.4-12.3

8.2

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 

1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-OCDD

Sheep

2

2

14.4-24.4

19.3

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 

(continued)

Chicken

2

2

14.0-19.0

16.5

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Canned meat

2

2

17.0-122

53.0

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Lard

4

4

10.0-23.0

16.0

Fat

W. Germany

 

NR

5

 
 

Chicken fat

26

12

ND-238

90

Fat

Canada

 

80

6

 
 

Milk

7

7

0.215-0.323

0.230c

Whole

England & Wales

Rural

89

7

 
 

Plaice, whole

3

3

1.40-3.20

2.12

Wet

Norwich, UK

 

NR

7

 
 

Mackerel, whole

1

1

4.81

4.81

Wet

Norwich, UK

 

NR

7

 
 

Herring, whole

1

1

3.4

3.4

Wet

Norwich, UK

 

NR

7

 
 

Cod, whole

1

1

2.79

2.79

Wet

Norwich, UK

 

NR

7

 
 

Skate, whole

1

1

1.36

1.36

Wet

Norwich, UK

 

NR

7

 
 

Coley, whole

1

1

2.25

2.25

Wet

Norwich, UK

 

NR

7

 
 

Cow cream

1

1

3.15

3.15

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Beef

1

1

0.63

0.63

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Cheese w/butter

1

1

5.40

5.40

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Beef fat

1

1

3.40

3.40

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Pork

1

1

11.5

11.5

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Butter

1

1

9.01

9.01

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Swiss cheese

1

1

0.660

0.660

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Sausage

1

1

5.70

5.70

Wet

Moscow, USSR

 

88-89

8

 

1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-OCDD

Pork sticks

1

1

9.46

9.46

Wet

South Vietnam

 

NR

8

 

(continued)

Pork fat

1

1

29.8

29.8

Wet

South Vietnam

 

NR

8

 
 

Chicken fat

1

1

22.8

22.8

Wet

South Vietnam

 

NR

8

 
 

Swiss cheese

1

1

0.66

0.66

Wet

USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Sausage

1

1

5.7

5.7

Wet

Moscow, USSR

 

88-89

8

 
 

Pork sticks

1

1

9.46

9.46

Wet

South Vietnam

 

NR

8

 
 

Pork fat

1

1

29.8

29.8

Wet

South Vietnam

 

NR

8

 
 

Chicken fat

1

1

22.8

22.8

Wet

South Vietnam

 

NR

8

 
 

Cottage cheese

1

1

0.34

0.34

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 
 

Soft blue cheese

1

1

5.93

5.93

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 
 

Heavy cream cheese

1

1

1.54

1.54

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 
 

Soft cream cheese

1

1

1.5

1.5

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 
 

American cheese

1

1

1.6

1.6

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

10

 
 

Beef

5

4

ND-11.40

8.58

Fat

Los Angeles

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

 

Beef

3

3

8.03-11.90

9.43

Fat

San Francisco

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

 

Pork

5

5

13.70-254.00

77.20

Fat

Los Angeles

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

 

Pork

3

3

24.90-125.00

72.43

Fat

San Francisco

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

 

Chicken

5

4

ND-64.00

28.97

Fat

Los Angeles

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

 

Chicken

3

3

2.61-96.20

35.01

Fat

San Francisco

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

 

Eggs

5

0

ND(0.80-1.60)

NA

Whole

Los Angeles

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9-OCDD

Eggs

3

1

ND-1.30

0.63

Whole

San Francisco

Urban

NR

11

Composite 6 samples

(continued)

Beef

3

3

0.414-15.825

6.167

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

12

 
 

Pork

1

1

50.742

50.7

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

12

 
 

Chicken

1

1

0.74

0.74

Wet

New York, NY

 

1990

12

 

 

Footnote references

a Samples were obtained from grocery stores unless stated otherwise. Milk samples were obtained from dairies or transport trucks. No cooked samples from the references were used.

b For ND values 1/2 LOD was used in calculating the mean. Therefore, it is possible to have mean concentrations greater than the range (e.g., reported detection limit for nondetects

greater than the positive sample).

c For ND values the detection limit was used in calculating the mean.

d Value in reference was reported as total 2,3,7,8-TCDD toxic equivalents.

NR = not reported

NA = not applicable

Sources: 1. de Wit et al. (1990)

2. Rappe et al. (1987)

3. Beck et al. (1989)

4. LaFleur et al. (1990)

5. Furst et al. (1990)

6. Ryan et al. (1985)

7. Startin et al. (1990)

8. Schecter et al. (1990)

9. U.S. EPA (1991)

10. Schecter et al. (1992)

11. Stanley and Bauer (1989)

12. Schecter et al. (1993)